passport身份验证_了解如何使用Passport.js处理Node身份验证

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发布时间：2019-05-11

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passport身份验证

by Antonio Erdeljac

通过安东尼奥·埃尔德雅克

了解如何使用Passport.js处理Node身份验证 (Learn how to handle authentication with Node using Passport.js)

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In this article you will learn how to handle authentication for your Node server using Passport.js. This article does not cover Frontend authentication. Use this to configure your Backend authentication (Generate token for each user & protect routes).

在本文中，您将学习如何使用Passport.js处理节点服务器的身份验证 。本文不介绍前端身份验证。 使用此配置您的后端身份验证 (为每个用户生成令牌并保护路由)。

Keep in mind that if you get stuck on any step, you can refer to this .

请记住， 如果您遇到任何困难，可以参考此 。

在本文中，我将教您以下内容： (In this article I will teach you the following:)

Handling protected routes
处理受保护的路线

Handling JWT tokens
处理JWT令牌

Handling unauthorised responses
处理未经授权的回复

Creating a basic API
创建一个基本的API

Creating models & schemas
创建模型和模式

介绍 (Introduction)

什么是Passport.js？ (What is Passport.js?)

Passport is authentication middleware for . As it’s extremely flexible and modular, Passport can be unobtrusively dropped into any -based web application. A comprehensive set of strategies supports authentication using a , , , and . Find out more about Passport .

Passport是身份验证中间件。由于Passport非常灵活且模块化，因此可以毫不费力地将其放入任何基于的Web应用程序中。一套全面策略支持认证的使用，，，和。了解有关Passport的更多信息。

讲解 (Tutorial)

从头开始创建我们的节点服务器 (Creating our node server from scratch)

Create a new directory with this “app.js” file inside:

使用此“ app.js”创建一个新目录里面的文件：

We will install for easier development.

我们将安装以便于开发。

and then we will run our “app.js” with it.

然后我们将使用它运行“ app.js”。

$ nodemon app.js

创建用户模型 (Creating the user model)

Create a new folder called “models”, and create the “Users.js” file inside that folder. This is where we will define our “UsersSchema”. We are going to use JWT and Crypto to generate hash and salt from the received password string. This will later be used to validate the user.

创建一个名为“模型”的新文件夹，并在该文件夹中创建“ Users.js”文件。这是我们定义“ UsersSchema”的地方。我们将使用JWT和Crypto从接收到的password字符串生成hash和salt 。稍后将使用它来验证用户。

Let’s add our newly created model to “app.js”.

让我们将新创建的模型添加到“ app.js”中。

Add the following line to your “app.js” file after configuring Mongoose:

配置Mongoose之后，将以下行添加到您的“ app.js”文件中：

require('./models/Users');

配置护照 (Configure Passport)

Create a new folder “config” with the “passport.js” file inside it:

创建一个新文件夹“ config”，其中包含“ passport.js”文件：

In this file, we use the method validatePassword that we defined in the User model . Based on the result, we return a different output from Passport’s LocalStrategy.

在此文件中，我们使用在User model定义的validatePassword方法。根据结果，我们从Passport的LocalStrategy返回不同的输出。

Let’s connect “passport.js” to our “app.js” file. Add the following line below all models:

让我们将“ passport.js”连接到我们的“ app.js”文件。 在所有 models 下面添加以下行：

require('./config/passport');

路由和身份验证选项 (Routes and authentication options)

Create a new folder called “routes” with the file “auth.js” inside it.

创建一个名为“ routes”的新文件夹，其中包含文件“ auth.js”。

In this file we use the function getTokenFromHeaders to get a JWT token that will be sent from the client side in the request’s headers. We also create an auth object with optional and required properties. We will use these later in our routes.

在此文件中，我们使用功能getTokenFromHeaders来获取JWT令牌 ，该令牌将从客户端的请求标头中发送 。我们还将创建一个具有optional和required属性的auth对象。我们将在以后的路线中使用它们。

In the same “routes” folder create an “index.js” file:

在相同的“ routes”文件夹中创建一个“ index.js”文件：

We now need an “api” folder inside the “routes” folder, with another “index.js” file inside it.

现在，我们在“ routes”文件夹中需要一个“ api”文件夹，其中还有另一个“ index.js”文件。

Now, let’s create the “users.js” file that we require in “api/index.js”.

现在，让我们在“ api / index.js”中创建所需的“ users.js”文件。

First, we are going to create an optional auth route ‘/’ which will be used for new model creation (register).

首先，我们将创建一个可选的身份验证路由'/' ，该路由将用于新模型的创建(注册)。

router.post('/', auth.optional, (req, res, next) ...

After that, we are going to create another optional auth route ‘/login’ . This will be used to activate our passport configuration and validate a received password with email.

之后，我们将创建另一个可选的身份验证路由'/login' 。这将用于激活我们的护照配置并通过电子邮件验证收到的密码。

router.post('/login', auth.optional, (req, res, next) ...

Lastly, we will create a required auth route, which will be used to return the currently logged in user. Only logged in users (users that have their token successfully sent through request’s headers) have access to this route.

最后，我们将创建所需的身份验证路由，该路由将用于返回当前登录的用户。只有登录的用户(通过请求的标头成功发送了令牌的用户)可以访问此路由。

router.get('/current', auth.required, (req, res, next) ...

Let’s add our “routes” folder to “app.js”. Add the following line below our passport require:

让我们将“ routes”文件夹添加到“ app.js”。 在我们的护照 require 下方添加以下行：

app.use(require('./routes'));

路线测试 (Route testing)

I will be using to send requests to our server.

我将使用发送请求到我们的服务器。

Our server accepts the following body:

我们的服务器接受以下主体：

{  "user": {    "email": String,    "password": String  }}

创建POST请求以创建用户 (Creating a POST request to create a user)

Test body:

测试体：

Response:

响应：

{    "user": {        "_id": "5b0f38772c46910f16a058c5",        "email": "erdeljac.antonio@gmail.com",        "token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJlbWFpbCI6ImVyZGVsamFjLmFudG9uaW9AZ21haWwuY29tIiwiaWQiOiI1YjBmMzg3NzJjNDY5MTBmMTZhMDU4YzUiLCJleHAiOjE1MzI5MDgxNTEsImlhdCI6MTUyNzcyNDE1MX0.4TWc1TzY6zToHx_O1Dl2I9Hf9krFTqPkNLHI5U9rn8c"    }}

We will now use this token and add it to our “Headers” in Postman’s configuration.

现在，我们将使用此令牌并将其添加到Postman配置中的“标题”中。

And now let’s test our auth only route.

现在，让我们测试仅验证身份的路由。

创建一个GET请求以返回当前登录的用户 (Creating a GET request to return the currently logged in user)

Request URL:

要求网址：

GET http://localhost:8000/api/users/current

Response:

响应：

{    "user": {        "_id": "5b0f38772c46910f16a058c5",        "email": "erdeljac.antonio@gmail.com",        "token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJlbWFpbCI6ImVyZGVsamFjLmFudG9uaW9AZ21haWwuY29tIiwiaWQiOiI1YjBmMzg3NzJjNDY5MTBmMTZhMDU4YzUiLCJleHAiOjE1MzI5MDgzMTgsImlhdCI6MTUyNzcyNDMxOH0.5UnA2mpS-_puPwwxZEb4VxRGFHX6qJ_Fn3pytgGaJT0"    }}

Let’s try to do it without token in “Headers”.

让我们尝试在“标题”中不带令牌的情况下进行操作。

Response:

响应：